This study explores social innovation in microgrid projects, focusing on integrating micro-agrovoltaics (APV) with flywheel energy storage systems (FSSs) and small-scale water desalination and purification plants.
Storage systems are pivotal in various applications such as peak shaving, electrical vehicles, and integration of electrical vehicles to the grid etc. This paper discusses the comparative analysis
general theme of energy storage and its relevance to Namibia''s electricity supply system; Section 5 presents an overview and classifies modern energy storage systems; Section 6 summarises the main roles, relevance and applicability of contemporary energy storage systems and technologies;
Energy storage system (ESS) plays an important role in operation of MG to achieve higher flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a model for determining the optimal size of an ESS in
This study explores social innovation in microgrid projects, focusing on integrating micro-agrovoltaics (APV) with flywheel energy storage systems (FSSs) and small-scale water desalination and purification plants.
Storage systems are pivotal in various applications such as peak shaving, electrical vehicles, and integration of electrical vehicles to the grid etc. This paper discusses the comparative analysis based on performance & applications of various electrical
Energy storage system (ESS) plays an important role in operation of MG to achieve higher flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a model for determining the optimal size of an
Energy storage system (ESS) plays an important role in operation of MG to achieve higher flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a model for determining the optimal size of an
This paper presents a detailed optimal sizing and economic evaluations of a stand-alone microgrid for a remote village (Amarika) in Namibia. Several renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays were considered with a battery backup storage system and a reverse osmosis desalination plant for water supply.
Most un-electrified areas in Namibia are far away from the national grid and considered to have low population densities or highly dispersed settlements. Hence, it is often neither technically nor economically viable to provide access to modern energy services using the utility grid connection (Ministry of Mines and Energy 2017a).
Sufficient training in the context of entrepreneurial activities of Namibian communities could have led to a more profitable operation of the mini-grid through better use of daytime solar power and better use of energy-efficient equipment.
That mini-grids are indeed acknowledged as a valid option for energy generation by the government is highlighted in the Re-newable Energy Policy (Ministry of Mines and Energy 2017b). The framework that focuses on off-grid electrifi-cation is the Off-Grid Energisation Master Plan for Namibia (OGEMP).
Despite the admittedly transparent and relatively stable national regulatory environment in Namibia, which is important when seeking to attract investors, the use cases further demonstrated the significant need to transfer regu-latory knowledge, technical guidelines and issued codes from large energy projects to smaller off-grid initiatives.
The Namibian electricity supply industry started a trans-formation process in the 2000s. Initially, the state-owned national power utility ‘NamPower’ had a quasi-monopoly in the market, being responsible for the generation, trans-mission, and distribution of electricity (Hauser 2018).
Since the takeover was planned, NamPower and several REDs have been immensely reluctant to inherit the responsibility of operating and managing the mini-grids, due to the ‘‘lack of viability, relevant expertise, and regu-latory uncertainty’’ (Stockmayer et al. 2015).
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